Figure 1.11: A feedback system for controlling the velocity of a vehicle
Figure 1.18: Air–fuel controller based on selectors
Figure 2.8: Step responses for a first-order, closed loop system with proportional and PI control
Figure 2.9: Responses to a unit step change in the reference signal for different values of the design parameters
Figure 3.2: Illustration of a state model
Figure 3.4: Input/output response of a linear system
Figure 3.8: Discrete-time simulation of the predator–prey model
Figure 3.11: Simulation of the forced spring–mass system with different simulation time constants
Figure 3.12: Frequency response computed by measuring the response of individual sinusoids
Figure 3.24: Consensus protocols for sensor networks
Figure 3.26: The repressilator genetic regulatory network
Figure 3.28: Response of a neuron to a current input
Figure 8.13: Vehicle steering using gain scheduling
Figure 2.11: Response to a step change in the reference signal for a system with a PI controller having two degrees of freedom
Figure 2.12: Responses of a static nonlinear system
Figure 2.14: Responses of the systems with integral feedback
Figure 2.19: System with positive feedback and saturation
Figure 4.2: Torque curves for typical car engine
Figure 4.3: Car with cruise control encountering a sloping road
Figure 4.12: Internet congestion control
Figure 4.13: Internet congestion control for N identical sources across a single link
Figure 4.20: Simulation of the predator-prey system
Figure 5.1: Response of a damped oscillator
Figure 5.4: Equilibrium points for an inverted pendulum
Figure 5.5: Phase portrait and time domain simulation for a system with a limit cycle
Figure 5.6: Illustration of Lyapunov’s concept of a stable solution
Figure 5.7: Phase portrait and time domain simulation for a system with a single stable equilibrium point
Figure 5.8: Phase portrait and time domain simulation for a system with a single asymptotically stable equilibrium point
Figure 5.9: Phase portrait and time domain simulation for a system with a single unstable equilibrium point
Figure 5.10: Phase portraits for a congestion control protocol running with N = 60 identical source computers
Figure 5.11: Comparison between phase portraits for a nonlinear system and its linearization
Figure 6.1: Superposition of homogeneous and particular solutions
Figure 6.5: Modes for a second-order system with real eigenvalues
Figure 6.14: Linear versus nonlinear response for a vehicle with PI cruise control
Figure 5.12: Stability analysis for a tanker
Figure 5.13: Solution curves for a stable limit cycle
Figure 5.15: Stability of a genetic switch
Figure 5.16: Dynamics of a genetic switch
Figure 5.17: Stabilized inverted pendulum
Figure 5.18: Bifurcation analysis of the predator–prey system
Figure 5.19: Stability plots for a bicycle moving at constant velocity
Figure 5.21: Simulation of noise cancellation
Figure 6.10: Response of a compartment model to a constant drug infusion
Figure 7.6: State feedback control of a steering system
Figure 7.7: Simulation results for the controlled predator–prey system