Edit Figure: Figure 6.12: Active band-pass filter

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[[Image:figure-6.12-opamp_bandpass.png]] '''Figure 6.12:''' Active band-pass filter. The circuit diagram (a) [not shown] shows an op amp with two RC filters arranged to provide a band-pass filter. The plot in (b) shows the gain and phase of the filter as a function of frequency. Note that the phase starts at <math>-90^\circ</math> due to the negative gain of the operational amplifier. <nowiki> # example-6.8-opamp_bandpass.py - <Short description> # RMM, 28 Nov 2028 # # Figure 6.12: Active band-pass filter. The circuit diagram (a) shows an op # amp with two RC filters arranged to provide a band-pass filter. The plot # in (b) shows the gain and phase of the filter as a function of frequency. # Note that the phase starts at -90 deg due to the negative gain of the # operational amplifier. import control as ct import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt ct.use_fbs_defaults() # # System dynamics # # Filter parameters R1 = 100 R2 = 5000 C1 = 100e-6 C2 = 100e-6 # State-space form of the solution A = np.array([[-1 / (R1 * C1), 0], [1 / (R1 * C2), -1 / (R2 * C2)]]) B = np.array([[1 / (R1 * C1)], [-1 / (R1 * C2)]]) C = np.array([[0, 1]]) D = np.array([[0]]) # Create the state-space system sys = ct.ss(A, B, C, D) # # (b) Frequency response # # Generate the Bode plot data omega = np.logspace(-1, 3, 100) # Frequency range from 0.1 to 1000 rad/s cplt = ct.frequency_response(sys, omega).plot( initial_phase=-90, title="(b) Frequency response") # Plot the unit gain line cplt.axes[0, 0].axhline(1, color='k', linestyle='-', linewidth=0.5) # Print system poles for bandwidth computation print("System poles (for computing bandwidth):") print(sys.poles()) # Save the figure plt.savefig("figure-6.8-opamp_bandpass.png", bbox_inches='tight') </nowiki>

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